With the evolution of societies over the centuries, a new model of government is formed to try to reach minority groups, curb absolutist ideals and bring new political interests based on democratic ideas. From the second half of the 19th century, the labor movement gained strength, raising questions about universal suffrage and the freedom of political associations.
The growth and development of the world's population begins to demand new governments based on the principles of equality and freedom, it is from this amplification and advancement that countries begin to move towards a more egalitarian democracy.
Currently, according to the latest 2021 report, 21 countries have achieved so-called full democracy. In contrast, 53 other states are considered failed democracies, 34 are considered hybrid regimes, and 59 are perceived as authoritarian regimes.
Full democracy is a nation where civil liberties and fundamental political freedoms are not only respected, but also reinforced by a political culture conducive to the growth of democratic principles. These nations have a valid system of government checks and balances, an independent judiciary whose decisions are implemented, properly functioning governments, and a diverse and independent media. These nations have only limited problems functioning democratically.
The Economist magazine has grades ranging from 0 to 10, as the least democratic and most democratic country. From the analysis of five different sets, such as electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, government functioning, politics and political culture.
The Democratic Stage Ranking Index looks at 167 countries in total. These sets serve to evaluate the type of democracy in force in each country, being able to fit into full, imperfect, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes.
To reach a full democracy, the country needs to have a score of 8 to 10. Countries that qualify as a full democracy need to have constant population participation, political organization, civil liberties, autonomous media and judiciary. Among the countries that reach the top of the ranking are Norway, Iceland, Sweden, New Zealand and Finland.
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